Course topics

\n \n \n \n population,\n \n \n \n \n \n DNA,\n \n \n \n \n \n cell,\n \n \n \n \n \n species,\n \n \n \n \n \n gene,\n \n \n \n \n \n environment,\n \n \n \n \n \n hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n \n \n genotype,\n \n \n \n \n \n blood,\n \n \n \n \n \n human,\n \n \n \n \n \n generation,\n \n \n \n \n \n phenotype,\n \n \n \n \n \n animals,\n \n \n \n \n \n protein,\n \n \n \n \n \n disease,\n \n \n \n \n \n energy,\n \n \n \n \n \n ecosystem,\n \n \n \n \n \n insulin,\n \n \n \n \n \n chromosome,\n \n \n \n \n \n glucose,\n \n \n \n \n \n genome,\n \n \n \n \n \n mutation,\n \n \n \n \n \n gene pool,\n \n \n \n \n \n allele,\n \n \n \n \n \n osmosis,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbohydrates,\n \n \n \n \n \n proteins,\n \n \n \n \n \n fermentation,\n \n \n \n \n \n cholesterol,\n \n \n \n \n \n evolution,\n \n \n \n \n \n homeostasis,\n \n \n \n \n \n biocenosis,\n \n \n \n \n \n stomach,\n \n \n \n \n \n pancreas,\n \n \n \n \n \n recombination,\n \n \n \n \n \n transport,\n \n \n \n \n \n active transport,\n \n \n \n \n \n autonomic nervous system,\n \n \n \n \n \n fungi,\n \n \n \n \n \n plants,\n \n \n \n \n \n transpiration,\n \n \n \n \n \n bacteria,\n \n \n \n \n \n homozygote,\n \n \n \n \n \n heterozygote,\n \n \n \n \n \n digestion,\n \n \n \n \n \n autotroph,\n \n \n \n \n \n diabetes,\n \n \n \n \n \n biodiversity,\n \n \n \n \n \n receptors,\n \n \n \n \n \n zygote,\n \n \n \n \n \n sperm cell,\n \n \n \n \n \n photosynthesis,\n \n \n \n \n \n lipids,\n \n \n \n \n \n liver,\n \n \n \n \n \n glycogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n glucagon,\n \n \n \n \n \n noradrenaline,\n \n \n \n \n \n reproduction,\n \n \n \n \n \n nature,\n \n \n \n \n \n asexual reproduction,\n \n \n \n \n \n atp,\n \n \n \n \n \n Krebs cycle,\n \n \n \n \n \n glycolysis,\n \n \n \n \n \n chlorophyll,\n \n \n \n \n \n ATP,\n \n \n \n \n \n offspring,\n \n \n \n \n \n immigration,\n \n \n \n \n \n gene frequency,\n \n \n \n \n \n reproductive isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n regulation,\n \n \n \n \n \n ADH,\n \n \n \n \n \n antidiuretic hormone,\n \n \n \n \n \n diffusion,\n \n \n \n \n \n hypothalamus,\n \n \n \n \n \n fats,\n \n \n \n \n \n phagocytosis,\n \n \n \n \n \n T cell,\n \n \n \n \n \n B cell,\n \n \n \n \n \n xylem,\n \n \n \n \n \n enzyme,\n \n \n \n \n \n RNA,\n \n \n \n \n \n plasmid,\n \n \n \n \n \n denaturation,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrophoresis,\n \n \n \n \n \n nervous system,\n \n \n \n \n \n endoplasmic reticulum,\n \n \n \n \n \n digestive enzymes,\n \n \n \n \n \n heterotroph,\n \n \n \n \n \n cellulose,\n \n \n \n \n \n nutrients,\n \n \n \n \n \n tonus,\n \n \n \n \n \n phospholipid,\n \n \n \n \n \n mitosis,\n \n \n \n \n \n meiosis,\n \n \n \n \n \n egg cell,\n \n \n \n \n \n atropine,\n \n \n \n \n \n organism,\n \n \n \n \n \n gametes,\n \n \n \n \n \n heart,\n \n \n \n \n \n collagen,\n \n \n \n \n \n system,\n \n \n \n \n \n respiratory,\n \n \n \n \n \n vein,\n \n \n \n \n \n neuron,\n \n \n \n \n \n physiology,\n \n \n \n \n \n immune system,\n \n \n \n \n \n human health,\n \n \n \n \n \n oxygen,\n \n \n \n \n \n ribose,\n \n \n \n \n \n myoglobin,\n \n \n \n \n \n capillaries,\n \n \n \n \n \n sexual reproduction,\n \n \n \n \n \n respiration,\n \n \n \n \n \n thylakoid,\n \n \n \n \n \n inheritance,\n \n \n \n \n \n Punnett square,\n \n \n \n \n \n nucleus,\n \n \n \n \n \n cuticle,\n \n \n \n \n \n histone,\n \n \n \n \n \n isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n natural selection,\n \n \n \n \n \n geographical isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n ecological isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n habitat isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n mechanical isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n post-zygotic isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n temporal isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n phenological isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n behavioral isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n gene flow,\n \n \n \n \n \n gene exchange,\n \n \n \n \n \n anatomical isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n morphological isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n after-fertilization isolation,\n \n \n \n \n \n desert,\n \n \n \n \n \n condensation,\n \n \n \n \n \n membrane,\n \n \n \n \n \n facilitated diffusion,\n \n \n \n \n \n passive transport,\n \n \n \n \n \n osmotic pressure,\n \n \n \n \n \n balance,\n \n \n \n \n \n kidneys,\n \n \n \n \n \n aldosterone,\n \n \n \n \n \n water-electrolyte,\n \n \n \n \n \n enzymes,\n \n \n \n \n \n glycoprotein,\n \n \n \n \n \n antigen,\n \n \n \n \n \n substances,\n \n \n \n \n \n cohesion,\n \n \n \n \n \n epidermis,\n \n \n \n \n \n phloem,\n \n \n \n \n \n proton pump,\n \n \n \n \n \n engineering,\n \n \n \n \n \n genetic,\n \n \n \n \n \n vector,\n \n \n \n \n \n medical,\n \n \n \n \n \n karyotype,\n \n \n \n \n \n erythropoietin,\n \n \n \n \n \n dominant allele,\n \n \n \n \n \n recessive allele,\n \n \n \n \n \n single-stranded DNA,\n \n \n \n \n \n radiation,\n \n \n \n \n \n adipose tissue,\n \n \n \n \n \n thermoregulation,\n \n \n \n \n \n thermogenesis,\n \n \n \n \n \n refraction,\n \n \n \n \n \n receptor,\n \n \n \n \n \n cells,\n \n \n \n \n \n mesophyll,\n \n \n \n \n \n nutrition,\n \n \n \n \n \n photoautotroph,\n \n \n \n \n \n myelin sheath,\n \n \n \n \n \n anemia,\n \n \n \n \n \n succession,\n \n \n \n \n \n seat,\n \n \n \n \n \n biosphere,\n \n \n \n \n \n placenta,\n \n \n \n \n \n extra-embryonic membranes,\n \n \n \n \n \n food,\n \n \n \n \n \n large intestine,\n \n \n \n \n \n vitamin,\n \n \n \n \n \n covalent bond,\n \n \n \n \n \n glycine,\n \n \n \n \n \n techniques,\n \n \n \n \n \n tissue,\n \n \n \n \n \n gametangium,\n \n \n \n \n \n embryo,\n \n \n \n \n \n fertilization,\n \n \n \n \n \n ovulation,\n \n \n \n \n \n copulatory organ,\n \n \n \n \n \n neurotransmitter,\n \n \n \n \n \n presynaptic membrane,\n \n \n \n \n \n postsynaptic membrane,\n \n \n \n \n \n atherosclerosis,\n \n \n \n \n \n division,\n \n \n \n \n \n chromosomes,\n \n \n \n \n \n metaphase,\n \n \n \n \n \n centromere,\n \n \n \n \n \n matter,\n \n \n \n \n \n micelle,\n \n \n \n \n \n diaphragm,\n \n \n \n \n \n life cycle,\n \n \n \n \n \n infection,\n \n \n \n \n \n retrovirus,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbon,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbohydrate,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n atom,\n \n \n \n \n \n monosaccharide,\n \n \n \n \n \n polysaccharide,\n \n \n \n \n \n disaccharide,\n \n \n \n \n \n pentose,\n \n \n \n \n \n allantois,\n \n \n \n \n \n estrogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n progesterone,\n \n \n \n \n \n homogenization,\n \n \n \n \n \n axon,\n \n \n \n \n \n cell body,\n \n \n \n \n \n amino acid,\n \n \n \n \n \n peptide bond,\n \n \n \n \n \n alanine,\n \n \n \n \n \n tyrosine,\n \n \n \n \n \n speciation,\n \n \n \n \n \n preganglionic neuron,\n \n \n \n \n \n postganglionic neuron,\n \n \n \n \n \n vagus nerve,\n \n \n \n \n \n acetylcholine,\n \n \n \n \n \n plasma,\n \n \n \n \n \n forest,\n \n \n \n \n \n protection,\n \n \n \n \n \n natural habitat,\n \n \n \n \n \n gamete,\n \n \n \n \n \n variation,\n \n \n \n \n \n aerobic respiration,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrons,\n \n \n \n \n \n coenzyme,\n \n \n \n \n \n acetyl CoA,\n \n \n \n \n \n organisms,\n \n \n \n \n \n nucleoid,\n \n \n \n \n \n molecule,\n \n \n \n \n \n chitin,\n \n \n \n \n \n adrenaline,\n \n \n \n \n \n metamorphosis,\n \n \n \n \n \n thyroxine,\n \n \n \n \n \n chloroplasts,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbon dioxide,\n \n \n \n \n \n photophosphorylation,\n \n \n \n \n \n Calvin cycle,\n \n \n \n \n \n small intestine,\n \n \n \n \n \n nucleic acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n pepsinogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n alimentary,\n \n \n \n \n \n prorennin,\n \n \n \n \n \n cytoplasm,\n \n \n \n \n \n stoma,\n \n \n \n \n \n parenchyma,\n \n \n \n \n \n hemolymph,\n \n \n \n \n \n ADP,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrolysis,\n \n \n \n \n \n alleles,\n \n \n \n \n \n dominance,\n \n \n \n \n \n recessivity,\n \n \n \n \n \n muscle,\n \n \n \n \n \n myofibrils,\n \n \n \n \n \n sarcolemma,\n \n \n \n \n \n sarcoplasm,\n \n \n \n \n \n amino acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n digestive system,\n \n \n \n \n \n gram-positive bacteria,\n \n \n \n \n \n diseases,\n \n \n \n \n \n fatty acid,\n \n \n \n \n \n replication,\n \n \n \n \n \n structure,\n \n \n \n \n \n carotenoid,\n \n \n \n \n \n esophagus,\n \n \n \n \n \n cytosol,\n \n \n \n \n \n Golgi apparatus,\n \n \n \n \n \n flagellum,\n \n \n \n \n \n saccharides,\n \n \n \n \n \n testosterone,\n \n \n \n \n \n FSH,\n \n \n \n \n \n LH,\n \n \n \n \n \n sex,\n \n \n \n \n \n sporangium,\n \n \n \n \n \n hybridization,\n \n \n \n \n \n cell wall,\n \n \n \n \n selection,\n \n \n \n elements,\n \n \n \n genetics,\n \n \n \n water loss,\n \n \n \n sweat,\n \n \n \n uric acid,\n \n \n \n rumen,\n \n \n \n reticulum,\n \n \n \n abomasum,\n \n \n \n omasum,\n \n \n \n metabolic water,\n \n \n \n renal mechanisms,\n \n \n \n intestinal mechanisms,\n \n \n \n juxtamedullary nephrons,\n \n \n \n cortical nephrons,\n \n \n \n regulation of water loss in desert animals,\n \n \n \n simple diffusion,\n \n \n \n dynamic equilibrium,\n \n \n \n sodium-potassium pump,\n \n \n \n carrier proteins receptors,\n \n \n \n endocytosis,\n \n \n \n hypotonic,\n \n \n \n hypertonic,\n \n \n \n Ilya Mechnikov,\n \n \n \n isotonic,\n \n \n \n osmotic potential,\n \n \n \n pinocytosis,\n \n \n \n exocytosis,\n \n \n \n hemolysis,\n \n \n \n water potential,\n \n \n \n creatinine,\n \n \n \n molality,\n \n \n \n counter-current system,\n \n \n \n Conn\xe2\x80\x99s syndrome,\n \n \n \n hyperaldosteronism,\n \n \n \n sugar,\n \n \n \n microorganisms,\n \n \n \n proteases,\n \n \n \n amylases,\n \n \n \n papain,\n \n \n \n lactose,\n \n \n \n alcoholic fermentation,\n \n \n \n lyophilization,\n \n \n \n transgenic micro-organism,\n \n \n \n immunity,\n \n \n \n specificity,\n \n \n \n prion,\n \n \n \n central lymphatic organ,\n \n \n \n free radical pathogen,\n \n \n \n peripheral lymphatic organ,\n \n \n \n somatic recombination,\n \n \n \n Tc lymphocytes,\n \n \n \n cytotoxic T,\n \n \n \n human immunity,\n \n \n \n vacuoles,\n \n \n \n plasmodesmata,\n \n \n \n cambium,\n \n \n \n endodermis,\n \n \n \n root pressure,\n \n \n \n translocation,\n \n \n \n apoplast,\n \n \n \n symplast,\n \n \n \n acceptors,\n \n \n \n donors,\n \n \n \n hydathodes,\n \n \n \n double-stranded DNA,\n \n \n \n ligase,\n \n \n \n growth hormone,\n \n \n \n CFTR,\n \n \n \n restrictase,\n \n \n \n prokaryotic cells,\n \n \n \n eukaryotic cells,\n \n \n \n genetic probe,\n \n \n \n colchicine,\n \n \n \n diagnosis,\n \n \n \n alpha-1-antitripsin,\n \n \n \n transgenic proteins,\n \n \n \n blood vessels,\n \n \n \n muscles,\n \n \n \n sweat glands,\n \n \n \n hairs,\n \n \n \n hibernation,\n \n \n \n evaporation,\n \n \n \n nerves,\n \n \n \n endotherms,\n \n \n \n ectotherms,\n \n \n \n cold receptors,\n \n \n \n heat receptors,\n \n \n \n hyperthermia,\n \n \n \n homeothermy,\n \n \n \n hypothermia,\n \n \n \n poikilothermic organisms,\n \n \n \n homeothermic organisms,\n \n \n \n hair erector,\n \n \n \n sebaceous glands,\n \n \n \n eye,\n \n \n \n accommodation,\n \n \n \n orbits,\n \n \n \n retina,\n \n \n \n cornea,\n \n \n \n blind spot,\n \n \n \n cones,\n \n \n \n rods,\n \n \n \n daltonism,\n \n \n \n oligodendrocytes,\n \n \n \n cranial nerve,\n \n \n \n aqueous humor,\n \n \n \n choroid,\n \n \n \n conjunctiva,\n \n \n \n lacrimal gland,\n \n \n \n refraction defects,\n \n \n \n visual cortex,\n \n \n \n ganglionic cells,\n \n \n \n bipolar cells,\n \n \n \n specialization,\n \n \n \n embryonic stem cell,\n \n \n \n non-embryonic stem cell,\n \n \n \n Hayflick limit,\n \n \n \n pluripotent stem cell,\n \n \n \n totipotent stem cell,\n \n \n \n unipotent stem cell,\n \n \n \n blastocysts,\n \n \n \n erythroblast,\n \n \n \n erythropoiesis,\n \n \n \n mining,\n \n \n \n heterotrophic,\n \n \n \n heterotrophic organisms,\n \n \n \n coenocyte,\n \n \n \n lignin,\n \n \n \n heterotrophic nutrition,\n \n \n \n saprotrophic nutrition,\n \n \n \n saprotrophic organisms,\n \n \n \n vitamins,\n \n \n \n requirements,\n \n \n \n nutritional,\n \n \n \n coenzymes,\n \n \n \n avitaminosis,\n \n \n \n exogenous amino acids,\n \n \n \n endogenous amino acids,\n \n \n \n nutritional requirements,\n \n \n \n rickets,\n \n \n \n insulin-independent,\n \n \n \n vegetarian diet,\n \n \n \n hypovitaminosis,\n \n \n \n agriculture,\n \n \n \n conservation,\n \n \n \n limb,\n \n \n \n taxonomy,\n \n \n \n anatomical features,\n \n \n \n biochemical features,\n \n \n \n morphological features,\n \n \n \n degree of relationship,\n \n \n \n physiologic features,\n \n \n \n fish,\n \n \n \n birds,\n \n \n \n mammals,\n \n \n \n vertebrate,\n \n \n \n sternum,\n \n \n \n oxygenated blood,\n \n \n \n amphibians,\n \n \n \n reptiles,\n \n \n \n chordates,\n \n \n \n notochord,\n \n \n \n mammary gland,\n \n \n \n amplexus,\n \n \n \n cyclostomes,\n \n \n \n rich,\n \n \n \n herbivores,\n \n \n \n carnivores,\n \n \n \n omnivores,\n \n \n \n ciliates,\n \n \n \n ruminants,\n \n \n \n cecum,\n \n \n \n holozoic animals,\n \n \n \n cellulolytic symbionts,\n \n \n \n coprophagia,\n \n \n \n cecotrophy,\n \n \n \n transcription,\n \n \n \n hydrolases,\n \n \n \n oxidoreductases,\n \n \n \n lyases,\n \n \n \n ligases,\n \n \n \n transferases,\n \n \n \n isomerases,\n \n \n \n nucleotide,\n \n \n \n biocatalysts,\n \n \n \n endergonic transformation,\n \n \n \n exergonic transformation,\n \n \n \n proenzymes,\n \n \n \n reflex arc,\n \n \n \n efferent fibers,\n \n \n \n afferent fibers,\n \n \n \n involuntary,\n \n \n \n monosynaptic reflex,\n \n \n \n autonomic reflex,\n \n \n \n central delay,\n \n \n \n common end-pathway,\n \n \n \n spinal reflex,\n \n \n \n medullary reflex,\n \n \n \n motor output,\n \n \n \n sensory input,\n \n \n \n time response,\n \n \n \n amplification,\n \n \n \n nucleotides,\n \n \n \n matrix DNA,\n \n \n \n polymerase,\n \n \n \n sticky ends,\n \n \n \n blunt ends,\n \n \n \n gene cloning,\n \n \n \n primer,\n \n \n \n primers,\n \n \n \n restriction endonuclease,\n \n \n \n bioreactors,\n \n \n \n gene vectors,\n \n \n \n DNA purification,\n \n \n \n ovule,\n \n \n \n thallus,\n \n \n \n angiosperms,\n \n \n \n rhizoid,\n \n \n \n gametophyte,\n \n \n \n sporophyte,\n \n \n \n antheridia,\n \n \n \n archegonia,\n \n \n \n antheridium,\n \n \n \n protonema,\n \n \n \n indusium,\n \n \n \n zona pellucida,\n \n \n \n vagina,\n \n \n \n penis,\n \n \n \n implantation,\n \n \n \n endometrium,\n \n \n \n ejaculation,\n \n \n \n cleavage,\n \n \n \n morula,\n \n \n \n blastocyst,\n \n \n \n blastomere,\n \n \n \n capacitation,\n \n \n \n acrosome reaction,\n \n \n \n nerve,\n \n \n \n depression,\n \n \n \n transmission,\n \n \n \n impulses,\n \n \n \n synapse,\n \n \n \n synaptic knob,\n \n \n \n synaptic cleft,\n \n \n \n curare,\n \n \n \n excitatory synapse,\n \n \n \n inhibitory synapse,\n \n \n \n spatial summation,\n \n \n \n synapse fatigue,\n \n \n \n healthy,\n \n \n \n nicotine,\n \n \n \n carbon monoxide,\n \n \n \n ischaemic heart disease,\n \n \n \n carcinogens,\n \n \n \n diseases of civilization,\n \n \n \n ischaemic heart,\n \n \n \n neurotoxin,\n \n \n \n saxitoxin,\n \n \n \n World Health Organisation,\n \n \n \n Characteristics of a healthy organism,\n \n \n \n genetic material,\n \n \n \n centriole,\n \n \n \n tetrad,\n \n \n \n chromatid,\n \n \n \n crossing over,\n \n \n \n chiasmata,\n \n \n \n synapsis,\n \n \n \n bivalent,\n \n \n \n chiasma,\n \n \n \n reduction division,\n \n \n \n electrocardiography,\n \n \n \n myocardial infarction,\n \n \n \n coronary heart disease,\n \n \n \n coronary,\n \n \n \n ischaemia,\n \n \n \n unsaturated lipid,\n \n \n \n saturated lipid,\n \n \n \n atheroma,\n \n \n \n heart arrhythmia,\n \n \n \n heart failure,\n \n \n \n primary prevention,\n \n \n \n secondary prevention,\n \n \n \n echocardiography,\n \n \n \n predator,\n \n \n \n ecology,\n \n \n \n predation,\n \n \n \n circulation,\n \n \n \n organ,\n \n \n \n urea,\n \n \n \n blood vessel,\n \n \n \n prothrombin,\n \n \n \n basement membrane,\n \n \n \n fibrinogen,\n \n \n \n homeostatic,\n \n \n \n haem,\n \n \n \n colloid osmotic pressure,\n \n \n \n proteolytic enzyme,\n \n \n \n urea cycle,\n \n \n \n ornithine cycle,\n \n \n \n ornithine,\n \n \n \n joint,\n \n \n \n homologous chromosomes,\n \n \n \n epidemic,\n \n \n \n pandemic,\n \n \n \n endemic,\n \n \n \n Multiple sclerosis,\n \n \n \n vitiligo,\n \n \n \n rheumatoid arthritis,\n \n \n \n histocompatibility complex,\n \n \n \n MHC,\n \n \n \n cytotoxic T cells,\n \n \n \n concept of disease,\n \n \n \n chest,\n \n \n \n ventilation,\n \n \n \n inspiration,\n \n \n \n nerve cell,\n \n \n \n bronchioles,\n \n \n \n trachea,\n \n \n \n bronchus,\n \n \n \n alveoli,\n \n \n \n breath,\n \n \n \n expiration,\n \n \n \n intercostal muscles,\n \n \n \n motor nerve cell,\n \n \n \n capillary system,\n \n \n \n gaseous exchange,\n \n \n \n HIV,\n \n \n \n virus,\n \n \n \n lymphocyte,\n \n \n \n AIDS,\n \n \n \n virion,\n \n \n \n viral,\n \n \n \n lymph node,\n \n \n \n Kaposi\xe2\x80\x99s sarcoma,\n \n \n \n CD4,\n \n \n \n CTL,\n \n \n \n dendritic cell,\n \n \n \n helper cells,\n \n \n \n virus replication,\n \n \n \n maltose,\n \n \n \n occurrence,\n \n \n \n glycoside bond,\n \n \n \n deoxyribose,\n \n \n \n aldehyde,\n \n \n \n isomer,\n \n \n \n aldehyde group,\n \n \n \n biological functions of carbohydrates,\n \n \n \n chemical structure of carbohydrates,\n \n \n \n dihydroxyacetone,\n \n \n \n glyceraldehyde,\n \n \n \n glycocalyx,\n \n \n \n hexose,\n \n \n \n ketone group,\n \n \n \n occurrence of carbohydrates,\n \n \n \n storage polysaccharides,\n \n \n \n structural polysaccharides,\n \n \n \n triose,\n \n \n \n vena cava,\n \n \n \n aorta,\n \n \n \n amnion,\n \n \n \n umbilical cord,\n \n \n \n pregnancy,\n \n \n \n chorion,\n \n \n \n chorionic gonadotrophin,\n \n \n \n development of the human embryo,\n \n \n \n chorionic villi,\n \n \n \n lactation,\n \n \n \n amniotic fluid,\n \n \n \n foramen ovale,\n \n \n \n childhood,\n \n \n \n adolescence,\n \n \n \n process,\n \n \n \n maturity,\n \n \n \n stroke,\n \n \n \n newborn,\n \n \n \n dementia,\n \n \n \n wrinkles,\n \n \n \n chemical stimuli,\n \n \n \n neoplasms,\n \n \n \n aging,\n \n \n \n chemoreception,\n \n \n \n gerontology,\n \n \n \n Alzheimer\xe2\x80\x99s disease,\n \n \n \n infancy,\n \n \n \n middle age,\n \n \n \n senility,\n \n \n \n andropause,\n \n \n \n atheromatosis,\n \n \n \n arthritis,\n \n \n \n infarct,\n \n \n \n current,\n \n \n \n technique,\n \n \n \n centrifugation,\n \n \n \n cytology,\n \n \n \n electron microscopy,\n \n \n \n scanning electron microscopy,\n \n \n \n phase-contrast microscopy,\n \n \n \n fluorescence microscopy,\n \n \n \n density-gradient,\n \n \n \n zonal centrifugati,\n \n \n \n nerve impulse,\n \n \n \n dendrites,\n \n \n \n excitability,\n \n \n \n Schwann cells,\n \n \n \n nerve fibers,\n \n \n \n glial cells,\n \n \n \n refractory period,\n \n \n \n repolarisation,\n \n \n \n threshold value,\n \n \n \n terminal bouton,\n \n \n \n orthodromal transmission,\n \n \n \n excitability of neurons,\n \n \n \n amino group,\n \n \n \n carboxyl group,\n \n \n \n leucine,\n \n \n \n valine,\n \n \n \n primary structure,\n \n \n \n protein receptors,\n \n \n \n quaternary structure,\n \n \n \n alkaline amino acids,\n \n \n \n amino acids classification,\n \n \n \n b-sheet,\n \n \n \n immunoglobulin,\n \n \n \n isoleucine serine,\n \n \n \n ?-helix,\n \n \n \n non-polar amino acids,\n \n \n \n polar amino acids,\n \n \n \n threonine,\n \n \n \n methionine,\n \n \n \n cystine,\n \n \n \n phenylalanine,\n \n \n \n tryptophan,\n \n \n \n proline,\n \n \n \n lysine,\n \n \n \n arginine,\n \n \n \n aspartic acid,\n \n \n \n asparagine glutamic acid,\n \n \n \n glutamine proteins,\n \n \n \n formation,\n \n \n \n meteorite,\n \n \n \n mycorrhiza,\n \n \n \n co-evolution macro-evolution,\n \n \n \n mega-evolution,\n \n \n \n micro-evolution,\n \n \n \n nervous,\n \n \n \n stress,\n \n \n \n antagonistic action,\n \n \n \n autonomic,\n \n \n \n autonomic ganglion,\n \n \n \n sympathetic division,\n \n \n \n parasympathetic division,\n \n \n \n suprarenal glands,\n \n \n \n sympathetic nerve trunks,\n \n \n \n red blood cells,\n \n \n \n white blood cells,\n \n \n \n arteries,\n \n \n \n erythrocytes,\n \n \n \n Platelets,\n \n \n \n leucocytes,\n \n \n \n granulocytes,\n \n \n \n thrombocytes,\n \n \n \n lymph,\n \n \n \n oxyhemoglobin,\n \n \n \n veins,\n \n \n \n resorption,\n \n \n \n agranulocytes,\n \n \n \n fruit,\n \n \n \n pollination,\n \n \n \n pollen grain,\n \n \n \n stamen,\n \n \n \n seed,\n \n \n \n sexual,\n \n \n \n apical meristem,\n \n \n \n angiosperm,\n \n \n \n embryo sac,\n \n \n \n pistil,\n \n \n \n perianth,\n \n \n \n tapetum,\n \n \n \n protandry,\n \n \n \n protogyny,\n \n \n \n heterostyly,\n \n \n \n self-pollination,\n \n \n \n cross-pollination,\n \n \n \n sexual reproduction in plants,\n \n \n \n sun,\n \n \n \n land,\n \n \n \n natural,\n \n \n \n unit,\n \n \n \n environmental,\n \n \n \n functional,\n \n \n \n tundra,\n \n \n \n steppe,\n \n \n \n gen,\n \n \n \n organized,\n \n \n \n factors,\n \n \n \n UV,\n \n \n \n mRNA,\n \n \n \n gonad,\n \n \n \n expression of gene,\n \n \n \n influencing,\n \n \n \n glomerular filtration,\n \n \n \n osmolality,\n \n \n \n iso-osmotic solutions,\n \n \n \n hypo-osmotic solution,\n \n \n \n hyperosmotic solution,\n \n \n \n symport,\n \n \n \n antiport,\n \n \n \n regulating,\n \n \n \n role of the kidneys in regulating water-electrolyte balance,\n \n \n \n aerobic,\n \n \n \n mitochondrion,\n \n \n \n NADH,\n \n \n \n FADH2,\n \n \n \n pyruvic acid,\n \n \n \n oxidases,\n \n \n \n acyl group,\n \n \n \n thioester bond,\n \n \n \n acetyl group,\n \n \n \n transition reaction,\n \n \n \n flavoprotein,\n \n \n \n coenzyme Q,\n \n \n \n amylose,\n \n \n \n antibiotic resistance,\n \n \n \n bioreactor,\n \n \n \n transgenic organisms,\n \n \n \n PCR,\n \n \n \n restriction enzyme,\n \n \n \n polymerase chain reaction,\n \n \n \n microinjection,\n \n \n \n transgenic,\n \n \n \n gene gun,\n \n \n \n antithrombin,\n \n \n \n life,\n \n \n \n earth,\n \n \n \n starch,\n \n \n \n nitrogen,\n \n \n \n phosphorus,\n \n \n \n methane,\n \n \n \n ammonia,\n \n \n \n chemical elements,\n \n \n \n triglyceride,\n \n \n \n trace elements,\n \n \n \n macroelements,\n \n \n \n adhesion,\n \n \n \n Stanley Miller,\n \n \n \n sulfur,\n \n \n \n molecular structure of water,\n \n \n \n beginnings of life,\n \n \n \n biogenic compound,\n \n \n \n biogenic elements,\n \n \n \n physical properties of water,\n \n \n \n ultra trace elements,\n \n \n \n ovaries,\n \n \n \n testes,\n \n \n \n thyroid,\n \n \n \n moulting,\n \n \n \n T4,\n \n \n \n adrenal cortex,\n \n \n \n adrenal medulla,\n \n \n \n calcitonin,\n \n \n \n thymosin,\n \n \n \n glucocorticoids,\n \n \n \n cortisol,\n \n \n \n melatonin,\n \n \n \n hormonal,\n \n \n \n parathyroid glands,\n \n \n \n beta cells,\n \n \n \n mineralocorticoids,\n \n \n \n androgens,\n \n \n \n hormonal regulation,\n \n \n \n DHEA,\n \n \n \n alpha cells,\n \n \n \n endocrine glands thymus,\n \n \n \n pineal,\n \n \n \n triiodothyronine T3,\n \n \n \n parathyroid hormone,\n \n \n \n plant,\n \n \n \n aquatic plants,\n \n \n \n factors affecting photosynthesis,\n \n \n \n epidermal cells,\n \n \n \n PGA,\n \n \n \n xerophytes,\n \n \n \n phosphoglyceric acid,\n \n \n \n C3,\n \n \n \n C4,\n \n \n \n oxalo-acetat,\n \n \n \n chemoautotroph,\n \n \n \n autotrophic,\n \n \n \n carotenoids,\n \n \n \n chemosynthesis,\n \n \n \n CHO,\n \n \n \n photosystem I,\n \n \n \n photosystem II,\n \n \n \n PS I,\n \n \n \n hepatocyte,\n \n \n \n polysaccharides,\n \n \n \n buccal cavity,\n \n \n \n salivary glands,\n \n \n \n alimentary system,\n \n \n \n peptides,\n \n \n \n heterodonty,\n \n \n \n pharynyx,\n \n \n \n lung,\n \n \n \n artery,\n \n \n \n stomata,\n \n \n \n surfaces,\n \n \n \n mitochondrial matrix,\n \n \n \n respiratory organs,\n \n \n \n anaerobic respiration,\n \n \n \n AMP,\n \n \n \n adenine,\n \n \n \n cell respiration,\n \n \n \n phosphorylation,\n \n \n \n adenosine monophosphate,\n \n \n \n adenosine diphosphate,\n \n \n \n Coenzyme A,\n \n \n \n CoA,\n \n \n \n phosphate groups,\n \n \n \n single,\n \n \n \n genetic information,\n \n \n \n locus,\n \n \n \n trait,\n \n \n \n hereditary factor,\n \n \n \n concept,\n \n \n \n glands,\n \n \n \n sodium chloride,\n \n \n \n baroreceptor,\n \n \n \n interoreceptors,\n \n \n \n effectors,\n \n \n \n bicarbonate ions,\n \n \n \n Teleceptors,\n \n \n \n exteroceptors,\n \n \n \n proprioceptors,\n \n \n \n traits,\n \n \n \n F1 generation,\n \n \n \n codominance multiple alleles,\n \n \n \n sicklecell anemia,\n \n \n \n epistasis,\n \n \n \n globin,\n \n \n \n chemistry,\n \n \n \n contraction,\n \n \n \n thick filament,\n \n \n \n oxygen debt,\n \n \n \n tropomyosin,\n \n \n \n troponin,\n \n \n \n sarcoplasmic reticulum,\n \n \n \n phosphocreatine,\n \n \n \n F actin,\n \n \n \n G actin,\n \n \n \n myosin head,\n \n \n \n myosin tail,\n \n \n \n thin filament,\n \n \n \n T-tubules,\n \n \n \n maximal oxygen uptake,\n \n \n \n fatty acids,\n \n \n \n transformations,\n \n \n \n triglycerides,\n \n \n \n metabolic,\n \n \n \n gluconeogenesis,\n \n \n \n glycogenolysis,\n \n \n \n glycogenesis,\n \n \n \n lipogenesis,\n \n \n \n protein synthesis,\n \n \n \n proteolysys,\n \n \n \n level,\n \n \n \n catabolism,\n \n \n \n anabolism,\n \n \n \n lipolysis,\n \n \n \n reabsorption,\n \n \n \n basal metabolism,\n \n \n \n fasting period,\n \n \n \n hyperglycemia,\n \n \n \n hypoglycemia,\n \n \n \n ketone bodies,\n \n \n \n acetoacetic acid,\n \n \n \n tuberculosis,\n \n \n \n salmonellosis,\n \n \n \n cholera,\n \n \n \n bacterium,\n \n \n \n antibodies,\n \n \n \n surface tension,\n \n \n \n koch,\n \n \n \n Salmonella,\n \n \n \n microorganism,\n \n \n \n humoral response,\n \n \n \n cellular response,\n \n \n \n Mycobacterium tuberculosis,\n \n \n \n disinfection,\n \n \n \n Treponema pallidum,\n \n \n \n bacterial,\n \n \n \n Gram-negative bacteria,\n \n \n \n vibrio cholerae,\n \n \n \n Staphylococcus aureus,\n \n \n \n sterilization,\n \n \n \n pasteurization,\n \n \n \n Bacillus anthracis,\n \n \n \n in vitro,\n \n \n \n bacterial infection,\n \n \n \n Streptococcus pyogenes,\n \n \n \n salomonella,\n \n \n \n pathogeny,\n \n \n \n exotoxins,\n \n \n \n endotoxins,\n \n \n \n Diplococcus pneumoniae,\n \n \n \n in vivo,\n \n \n \n septicaemia,\n \n \n \n canal,\n \n \n \n processing,\n \n \n \n hydrochloric acid,\n \n \n \n pepsin,\n \n \n \n lipase,\n \n \n \n pancreatic amylase,\n \n \n \n trypsin,\n \n \n \n duodenum,\n \n \n \n villi,\n \n \n \n Glycerol,\n \n \n \n polypeptide chain,\n \n \n \n nucleases,\n \n \n \n salivary amylase,\n \n \n \n gall bladder,\n \n \n \n casein,\n \n \n \n lipid digestion,\n \n \n \n protein digestion,\n \n \n \n carbohydrate digestion,\n \n \n \n Nucleotide,\n \n \n \n rennin,\n \n \n \n dipeptide,\n \n \n \n tripeptide,\n \n \n \n chymotrypsin,\n \n \n \n aminopeptidases,\n \n \n \n bile salts,\n \n \n \n carboxyl group (COOH) of amino acid,\n \n \n \n carboxypeptidase,\n \n \n \n caseinogen,\n \n \n \n chymosin,\n \n \n \n disaccharidases,\n \n \n \n endopeptidases,\n \n \n \n free amino acids,\n \n \n \n gastric glands,\n \n \n \n glycerides,\n \n \n \n human digestive system,\n \n \n \n lipid droplets,\n \n \n \n lipid globules,\n \n \n \n monosaccharidases,\n \n \n \n nucleic acid digestion,\n \n \n \n pepsin proteins,\n \n \n \n peptide bond breakdown,\n \n \n \n short chain polypeptide,\n \n \n \n cell cycle,\n \n \n \n interphase,\n \n \n \n somatic cells,\n \n \n \n prophase,\n \n \n \n anaphase,\n \n \n \n karyokinesis,\n \n \n \n cytokinesis,\n \n \n \n G1 phase,\n \n \n \n S phase,\n \n \n \n G2 phase,\n \n \n \n metaphase plate,\n \n \n \n telophase,\n \n \n \n spindle,\n \n \n \n flow cytometer,\n \n \n \n G0 phase,\n \n \n \n vitamin A,\n \n \n \n vitamin D,\n \n \n \n glycerol,\n \n \n \n wax,\n \n \n \n lipid,\n \n \n \n steroid,\n \n \n \n triacylglycerols,\n \n \n \n steroid hormone,\n \n \n \n free fatty acids,\n \n \n \n ester,\n \n \n \n properties,\n \n \n \n b-carotene,\n \n \n \n bone remodeling,\n \n \n \n choline,\n \n \n \n ethanoloamine,\n \n \n \n glycerol esters,\n \n \n \n monohydroxyl alcohols,\n \n \n \n saturated fatty acids,\n \n \n \n sphingosine,\n \n \n \n sterol,\n \n \n \n true fats,\n \n \n \n unsaturated fatty acids,\n \n \n \n functions,\n \n \n \n blood pressure,\n \n \n \n systemic circulation,\n \n \n \n pulmonary circulation,\n \n \n \n pericardium,\n \n \n \n cardiac cycle,\n \n \n \n cardiac output,\n \n \n \n stroke volume,\n \n \n \n coronary vessels,\n \n \n \n endocrine systems,\n \n \n \n tetanus,\n \n \n \n tendon,\n \n \n \n muscle fiber,\n \n \n \n cardiomyocyte,\n \n \n \n neuromuscular junctions,\n \n \n \n contractions,\n \n \n \n thick filaments,\n \n \n \n thin filaments,\n \n \n \n anisotropic,\n \n \n \n isotropic (I) bands,\n \n \n \n M line,\n \n \n \n sarcomere,\n \n \n \n Z line,\n \n \n \n muscular tissue,\n \n \n \n fascia,\n \n \n \n isotonic contraction,\n \n \n \n isometric contraction,\n \n \n \n mechanical summation,\n \n \n \n electromyography,\n \n \n \n concentric work,\n \n \n \n eccentric work,\n \n \n \n oxidase,\n \n \n \n peroxidase,\n \n \n \n infarction,\n \n \n \n free radicals,\n \n \n \n clinical chemistry,\n \n \n \n immunological complex,\n \n \n \n trichloroacetic acid,\n \n \n \n glucometer,\n \n \n \n toxoplasma,\n \n \n \n phosphatase,\n \n \n \n AP,\n \n \n \n ELISA,\n \n \n \n HRP,\n \n \n \n reporter enzyme,\n \n \n \n laboratories,\n \n \n \n products,\n \n \n \n alimentary canal,\n \n \n \n gland,\n \n \n \n absorption,\n \n \n \n intestinal villi,\n \n \n \n chylomicron,\n \n \n \n intestinall wall,\n \n \n \n Brunner\xe2\x80\x99s glands,\n \n \n \n hormones,\n \n \n \n autotrophs,\n \n \n \n unsaturated fats,\n \n \n \n saturated fats,\n \n \n \n deamination,\n \n \n \n essential amino acids,\n \n \n \n non-essential amino acids,\n \n \n \n transamination,\n \n \n \n vacuole,\n \n \n \n microscope,\n \n \n \n magnification,\n \n \n \n lysosome,\n \n \n \n ribosome,\n \n \n \n peroxisome,\n \n \n \n flagella,\n \n \n \n pilus,\n \n \n \n prokaryotic,\n \n \n \n gram-negative bacteria,\n \n \n \n bacterial chromosome,\n \n \n \n eukaryotic,\n \n \n \n peptidoglycan,\n \n \n \n light (optical) microscope,\n \n \n \n lipopolysaccharide,\n \n \n \n mesosome,\n \n \n \n optical resolution,\n \n \n \n morphology,\n \n \n \n solution,\n \n \n \n reduction,\n \n \n \n tissues,\n \n \n \n separation,\n \n \n \n cysteine,\n \n \n \n biochemical,\n \n \n \n anomers,\n \n \n \n agarose,\n \n \n \n polyacrylamide,\n \n \n \n organic solvents,\n \n \n \n polyacrylamide gel,\n \n \n \n tests,\n \n \n \n chromatography,\n \n \n \n biochemical tests,\n \n \n \n ovary,\n \n \n \n reproductive,\n \n \n \n testis,\n \n \n \n pituitary,\n \n \n \n gonads,\n \n \n \n spermatogenesis,\n \n \n \n follicle-stimulating hormone,\n \n \n \n Leydig cells,\n \n \n \n GnRH,\n \n \n \n gonadotrophin,\n \n \n \n oogenesis,\n \n \n \n spermatogonia,\n \n \n \n gonochoristic organisms,\n \n \n \n hermaphroditic organisms,\n \n \n \n Sertoli cells,\n \n \n \n brain,\n \n \n \n animal,\n \n \n \n society,\n \n \n \n navigation,\n \n \n \n behavior,\n \n \n \n communication,\n \n \n \n instinct,\n \n \n \n stimulus,\n \n \n \n adaptation,\n \n \n \n migration,\n \n \n \n effector,\n \n \n \n territorial behavior,\n \n \n \n taxes,\n \n \n \n taxis,\n \n \n \n tropism,\n \n \n \n phototaxis,\n \n \n \n ethology,\n \n \n \n involuntary reflex,\n \n \n \n aphasia,\n \n \n \n thermotaxis,\n \n \n \n neocortex,\n \n \n \n habituation,\n \n \n \n maternal behavior,\n \n \n \n animal behavior,\n \n \n \n air,\n \n \n \n ecological succession,\n \n \n \n succulent,\n \n \n \n cam,\n \n \n \n cutin,\n \n \n \n water evaporation,\n \n \n \n suberin,\n \n \n \n cuticular transpiration,\n \n \n \n lenticel,\n \n \n \n parenchyma cells,\n \n \n \n crassulacean acid metabolism,\n \n \n \n mesophyte,\n \n \n \n sclerophyte,\n \n \n \n turgidity,\n \n \n \n external transpiration,\n \n \n \n actions,\n \n \n \n medicines,\n \n \n \n allergic reaction,\n \n \n \n pathogen,\n \n \n \n morphine,\n \n \n \n acetylsalicylic acid,\n \n \n \n macrolides,\n \n \n \n tetracyclines,\n \n \n \n quinine,\n \n \n \n myeloma,\n \n \n \n HAT medium,\n \n \n \n aminoglycosides,\n \n \n \n polymyxins,\n \n \n \n gramicidins penicillin,\n \n \n \n novobiocin,\n \n \n \n lincosamides nystatin,\n \n \n \n griseofulvin,\n \n \n \n chloramphenicol,\n \n \n \n beta-1 receptors,\n \n \n \n beta-2 receptors,\n \n \n \n monoclonal antibodies,\n \n \n \n actions of different groups of medicines,\n \n \n \n intestine,\n \n \n \n anus,\n \n \n \n invertebrates,\n \n \n \n Malpighian tubule,\n \n \n \n protonephridium,\n \n \n \n pharynx,\n \n \n \n metanephridium,\n \n \n \n ommatidia,\n \n \n \n hemimetaboly,\n \n \n \n holometaboly,\n \n \n \n axial skeleton,\n \n \n \n radula,\n \n \n \n nymph,\n \n \n \n parapodia,\n \n \n \n iron,\n \n \n \n gas exchange,\n \n \n \n gases,\n \n \n \n heme,\n \n \n \n respiratory gases,\n \n \n \n transport of respiratory gases,\n \n \n \n transport of carbon dioxide,\n \n \n \n partial pressure,\n \n \n \n respiratory pigment,\n \n \n \n partial pressure of oxygen,\n \n \n \n torr,\n \n \n \n Bohr effect,\n \n \n \n carbaminohemoglobin,\n \n \n \n carboxyhemoglobin,\n \n \n \n Christian Bohr,\n \n \n \n cooperative binding of oxygen,\n \n \n \n deoxygenated hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n forms of hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n gas exchange in organisms,\n \n \n \n methemoglobin,\n \n \n \n oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n oxygen saturation of hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n oxygenated hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n role of hemoglobin in carbon dioxide transport,\n \n \n \n role of myoglobin,\n \n \n \n storage of oxygen,\n \n \n \n structure of hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n types of hemoglobin,\n \n \n \n hemophilia,\n \n \n \n color blindness,\n \n \n \n baldness,\n \n \n \n aneuploidy,\n \n \n \n autosome,\n \n \n \n sex chromosomes,\n \n \n \n autosomes,\n \n \n \n SRY gene,\n \n \n \n hemizygote,\n \n \n \n linked traits,\n \n \n \n karyotypes,\n \n \n \n homologous regions,\n \n \n \n non-homologous regions,\n \n \n \n feedback,\n \n \n \n perception,\n \n \n \n sensation,\n \n \n \n pain receptor,\n \n \n \n activation threshold,\n \n \n \n electromagnetic receptor,\n \n \n \n lateral line system,\n \n \n \n Meissner corpuscle,\n \n \n \n muscle spindle,\n \n \n \n sensory adaptation,\n \n \n \n cancer,\n \n \n \n viruses,\n \n \n \n environmental pollution,\n \n \n \n gene expression,\n \n \n \n cytokines,\n \n \n \n NK cells,\n \n \n \n BRCA genes,\n \n \n \n cyclins,\n \n \n \n oncogenes,\n \n \n \n proto-oncogenes,\n \n \n \n neoplastic transformation,\n \n \n \n cellular oncogenes,\n \n \n \n pollution,\n \n \n \n household,\n \n \n \n flood,\n \n \n \n effects,\n \n \n \n deforestation,\n \n \n \n herbicide,\n \n \n \n contamination,\n \n \n \n human activity,\n \n \n \n poisons,\n \n \n \n national park,\n \n \n \n natural resources,\n \n \n \n reintroduction,\n \n \n \n ecosystems,\n \n \n \n ecosystem protection,\n \n \n \n halophytes,\n \n \n \n protista,\n \n \n \n spore,\n \n \n \n plankton,\n \n \n \n colony,\n \n \n \n eyespot,\n \n \n \n contractile vacuole,\n \n \n \n alternation of generations,\n \n \n \n conjugation,\n \n \n \n bioluminescence,\n \n \n \n carotenes,\n \n \n \n macronucleus,\n \n \n \n micronucleus,\n \n \n \n pellicle,\n \n \n \n resting spore,\n \n \n \n cilium,\n \n \n \n memory,\n \n \n \n dendrite,\n \n \n \n reflex,\n \n \n \n glial cell,\n \n \n \n central nervous system,\n \n \n \n peripheral nervous system,\n \n \n \n CNS,\n \n \n \n sympathetic nervous system,\n \n \n \n parasympathetic nervous system,\n \n \n \n somatic nervous system,\n \n \n \n limbic system,\n \n \n \n centralization,\n \n \n \n cephalization,\n \n \n \n hippocampus,\n \n \n \n long-term memory,\n \n \n \n neurulation,\n \n \n \n short-term memory,\n \n \n \n sympathetic nerve trunk,\n \n \n \n fruiting body,\n \n \n \n haustorium,\n \n \n \n symbiosis,\n \n \n \n mycelium,\n \n \n \n lichens,\n \n \n \n sporocarp,\n \n \n \n zoospore,\n \n \n \n opisthokont,\n \n \n \n syngamy,\n \n \n \n endomycorrhiza,\n \n \n \n mycorrhizae,\n \n \n \n rhizines,\n \n \n \n soredia,\n \n \n \n infectious disease,\n \n \n \n malaria,\n \n \n \n cyst,\n \n \n \n parasite,\n \n \n \n worm,\n \n \n \n parasitic,\n \n \n \n ascaris,\n \n \n \n Ascaris lumbricoides,\n \n \n \n fluke,\n \n \n \n parasitic diseases,\n \n \n \n Plasmodium,\n \n \n \n Giardia lamblia,\n \n \n \n protozoan,\n \n \n \n Anopheles,\n \n \n \n eosinophil,\n \n \n \n histamina,\n \n \n \n life cycle of malaria,\n \n \n \n mast cell,\n \n \n \n parasitic infections,\n \n \n \n Schistosoma,\n \n \n \n Trematoda,\n \n \n \n molecules,\n \n \n \n ribosomes,\n \n \n \n membranes,\n \n \n \n stroma,\n \n \n \n grana,\n \n \n \n rubisco,\n \n \n \n NADPH,\n \n \n \n photosystems,\n \n \n \n photolysis of water,\n \n \n \n regeneration of RuBP,\n \n \n \n biochemistry,\n \n \n \n biochemistry of photosynthesis,\n \n \n \n features,\n \n \n \n breeding,\n \n \n \n emigration,\n \n \n \n parthenogenesis,\n \n \n \n morality,\n \n \n \n death-rate,\n \n \n \n procreation,\n \n \n \n breeding success,\n \n \n \n antibiotics,\n \n \n \n prokaryotes,\n \n \n \n phospholipids,\n \n \n \n chemoautotrophic,\n \n \n \n chemosyntesis,\n \n \n \n equilibrium,\n \n \n \n diversity,\n \n \n \n biological diversity,\n \n \n \n devastation,\n \n \n \n development,\n \n \n \n growth,\n \n \n \n reproductive system,\n \n \n \n sex hormone,\n \n \n \n estrogens,\n \n \n \n somatotropin,\n \n \n \n allometric growth,\n \n \n \n isometric growth,\n \n \n \n wet dream,\n \n \n \n nocturnal emission,\n \n \n \n limited growth,\n \n \n \n unlimited growth,\n \n \n \n hypopituitarism,\n \n \n \n hyperpituitarism,\n \n \n \n birth,\n \n \n \n humans,\n \n \n \n uterus,\n \n \n \n menstrual cycle,\n \n \n \n contraception,\n \n \n \n condom,\n \n \n \n ovarian follicle,\n \n \n \n estrus,\n \n \n \n super-ovulation,\n \n \n \n artificial insemination,\n \n \n \n Billings method,\n \n \n \n rhythm method,\n \n \n \n temperature method,\n \n \n \n spermicide,\n \n \n \n hormone pill,\n \n \n \n hormone plaster,\n \n \n \n intrauterine device,\n \n \n \n IUD,\n \n \n \n implantation of embryo,\n \n \n \n Billings ovulation method,\n \n \n \n hormonal contraceptives,\n \n \n \n individual,\n \n \n \n heredity,\n \n \n \n cell structure,\n \n \n \n plant cell,\n \n \n \n chloroplast,\n \n \n \n rough endoplasmic reticulum,\n \n \n \n RER,\n \n \n \n smooth endoplasmic reticulum,\n \n \n \n cytoskeleton,\n \n \n \n chromatin,\n \n \n \n nucleoplasm,\n \n \n \n actin,\n \n \n \n myosin,\n \n \n \n lipid layer,\n \n \n \n active euchromatin,\n \n \n \n cell matrix,\n \n \n \n chromatin structure,\n \n \n \n cytokeratins,\n \n \n \n desmin,\n \n \n \n ER lumen,\n \n \n \n inactive heterochromatin,\n \n \n \n lateral movement,\n \n \n \n microtubules cell structure,\n \n \n \n primary wall,\n \n \n \n vimentin,\n \n \n \n wall formatio,\n \n \n \n ultrastructures\n \n \n